Watering practices vary widely, with effectiveness varying across methods. The frequency and duration of watering are determined by a variety of factors. Considerations such as soil type, plant species, plant maturity, and prevailing weather conditions all play critical roles. It is noteworthy that the importance of watering amplifies when dealing with new plantings, as it aids in their establishment.
When watering, the following tips apply to most conditions.
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Water deeply to encourage roots to reach down more deeply. In contrast, shallow watering encourages a shallow root system which can not survive the dry and hot conditions of summer. For large balled and burlapped trees and shrubs with large root balls, a root feeder can be useful to thoroughly water deeply.
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Water at the base. Do not use overhead sprinklers. Sprinklers are useful for establishing a lawn, but for plants, the foliage does not need to be watered. In fact, watering foliage increases the chance of foliar disease. Moisture should be concentrated at the roots. Using a hose without an attachment and a slow flow of water will allow for water to slowly sink into the ground rather than a high flow of water which increases runoff.
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Water in the early morning hours. Avoid watering in the heat of the day when moisture is more likely to be evaporated before the plants have a chance to absorb it. If watering in the early morning is not possible, watering later in the day is the second best choice. Be sure not to water too late. Damp conditions overnight can promote disease.
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Monitor moisture. Stick your finger in the soil at the base of the plant to check the soil condition in the top couple inches. If it is dry, make sure to give a deep, thorough watering.